Abstract
The Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes are the best model for studying the genome organization during interphase. Despite of the long-term studies available on genetic organization of polytene chromosome bands and interbands, little is known regarding long gene location on chromosomes. To analyze it, we used bioinformatic approaches and characterized genome-wide distribution of introns in gene bodies and in different chromatin states, and using fluorescent in situ hybridization we juxtaposed them with the chromosome structures. Short introns up to 2 kb in length are located in the bodies of housekeeping genes (grey bands or lazurite chromatin). In the group of 70 longest genes in the Drosophila genome, 95% of total gene length accrues to introns. The mapping of the 15 long genes showed that they could occupy extended sections of polytene chromosomes containing band and interband series, with promoters located in the interband fragments (aquamarine chromatin). Introns (malachite and ruby chromatin) in polytene chromosomes form independent bands, which can contain either both introns and exons or intron material only. Thus, a novel type of the gene arrangement in polytene chromosomes was discovered; peculiarities of such genetic organization are discussed.
Highlights
Studies of the band and interband genetic organization simultaneously began with the discovery of polytene chromosomes in Drosophila in the mid-1930s, and the main hypotheses were soon formulated.For a long time, the detailed structure of genes, their exact chromosome localization, and functional role remained unknown.According to the hypothesis of N
Long introns can form bands in polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster; with this in mind, we studied the distribution and occurrence of genes containing introns, and characteristics of their localization in polytene chromosomes
The present study on the distribution of introns in Drosophila genes showed that they are mainly detected in the bodies of housekeeping genes and their length mostly does not exceed 2 kb
Summary
Studies of the band and interband genetic organization simultaneously began with the discovery of polytene chromosomes in Drosophila in the mid-1930s, and the main hypotheses were soon formulated.For a long time, the detailed structure of genes, their exact chromosome localization, and functional role (developmental or housekeeping) remained unknown.According to the hypothesis of N. Studies of the band and interband genetic organization simultaneously began with the discovery of polytene chromosomes in Drosophila in the mid-1930s, and the main hypotheses were soon formulated. The detailed structure of genes, their exact chromosome localization, and functional role (developmental or housekeeping) remained unknown. Koltzoff [1], genes are located in the interbands, and bands are inactive chromosome structures, in which crossing over occurs. O. Mackensen [2], H.
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