Abstract

Mathematical models can reveal how prosocial human behaviour — and even social intelligence and language — have evolved, argues Martin A. Nowak. Joining previous essays in the 'Being human' series is the latest offering, on the theme of generosity. Mathematical models predict, and experiments confirm, that generosity is an essential feature of winning strategies in games that explore human interactions, says Martin Nowak. 'Prosocial behaviour' has evolved within a framework of direct or indirect reciprocity, and the latter may even have provided the selection pressures for social intelligence and language.

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