Abstract
First order transition of vortex lattices (VL) observed in various superconductors with four-fold symmetry is explained microscopically by quasi-classical Eilenberger theory combined with nonlocal London theory. This transition is intrinsic in the generic successive VL phase transition due to either gap or Fermi velocity anisotropies. This is also suggested by the electronic states around vortices. Ultimate origin of this phenomenon is attributed to some what hidden frustrations of a spontaneous symmetry broken hexagonal VL on the underlying four-fold crystalline symmetry.
Highlights
This transition is intrinsic in the generic successive vortex lattices (VLs) phase transition due to either gap anisotropy or Fermi velocity anisotropy
The morphology of vortex lattices (VLs) in the Shubnikov state of type II superconductors is not yet completely understood microscopically.1,2) A thorough understanding of the VL symmetry and its orientation with respect to the underlying crystalline lattice is important from the view point of fundamental physics because, through those studies, we can obtain information on pairing symmetry
Other A-15 compounds such as Nb3 Sn10) and TmNi2 B2 C11) exhibit similar trends. We explain this phenomenon by synthesizing two theoretical frameworks: phenomenological nonlocal London theory12–14) and microscopic Eilenberger theory.15–17) The purpose of this study is to examine the universal behaviors of the first-order transition in the VL morphology by changing the degrees of anisotropies originating from two sources: the Fermi velocity anisotropy and superconducting gap anisotropy
Summary
Generic First-Order Orientation Transition of Vortex Lattices in Type II Superconductors. The morphology of vortex lattices (VLs) in the Shubnikov (mixed) state of type II superconductors is not yet completely understood microscopically.1,2) A thorough understanding of the VL symmetry and its orientation with respect to the underlying crystalline lattice is important from the view point of fundamental physics because, through those studies, we can obtain information on pairing symmetry (see below). Other A-15 compounds such as Nb3 Sn10) and TmNi2 B2 C11) exhibit similar trends We explain this phenomenon by synthesizing two theoretical frameworks: phenomenological nonlocal London theory12–14) and microscopic Eilenberger theory.15–17) The purpose of this study is to examine the universal behaviors of the first-order transition in the VL morphology by changing the degrees of anisotropies originating from two sources: the Fermi velocity anisotropy and superconducting gap anisotropy. Our calculations are backed up by nonlocal London theory
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