Generative Zero-shot Learning Compound Fault Diagnosis of Bearings

Abstract

Diagnosis of compound faults remains a challenge during fault diagnosis of bearings, owing to the different fault parameters coupling, fault characteristics diversity, and the exponential increasement of the number of possible failure modes. Current compound faults diagnostic methods, which are usually based on supervised or semi-supervised learning, require sufficient labeled or unlabeled training data for each compound faults. In industrial scenarios, neither labeled nor unlabeled training data of compound faults are usually difficult to collect and sometimes even inaccessible, whereas single faults samples are easy to obtain. Based on these issues, we construct a novel generative zero-shot learning (ZSL) compound faults diagnosis model identifies unseen compound faults using only single faults samples as training set. This model comprises several modules, namely semantic vector definition, feature extractor, generative adversarial modules. Firstly, we devise a unified semantic vector definition method for expressing single and compound faults based on theoretical correlation of characteristics between single fault and compound faults vibration data. Secondly, a CNN-based feature extractor is designed for extraction the fault features from the time-frequency domain of vibration data. Thirdly, a generative adversarial module performs adversarial training of semantic vectors and fault features of single faults to learn the mapping relationship between the fault features and the fault semantic vectors. Once trained, the generator is able to generate compound fault features using the compound fault semantic vectors, rather than any compound fault samples. Finally, the K-nearest neighbor method is adopted to identify the unseen compound faults by measuring the distance between the extracted feature from the testing compound fault samples and the generated features. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on a self-built bearing test stand. The results show that in the absence of compound fault samples, the accuracy of compound fault classification reaches 78.10%.