Abstract
In this paper, we consider the process of fiber vortex modes generation using chiral periodic structures that include both chiral optical fibers and chiral (vortex) fiber Bragg gratings (ChFBGs). A generalized theoretical model of the ChFBG is developed including an arbitrary function of apodization and chirping, which provides a way to calculate gratings that generate vortex modes with a given state for the required frequency band and reflection coefficient. In addition, a matrix method for describing the ChFBG is proposed, based on the mathematical apparatus of the coupled modes theory and scattering matrices. Simulation modeling of the fiber structures considered is carried out. Chiral optical fibers maintaining optical vortex propagation are also described. It is also proposed to use chiral fiber-optic periodic structures as sensors of physical fields (temperature, strain, etc.), which can be applied to address multi-sensor monitoring systems due to a unique address parameter—the orbital angular momentum of optical radiation.
Highlights
Nowadays, the demand for broadband multimedia services is still growing, which leads to an increase of transmitted data volume as part of the development of the digital economy and the expansion of the range of services
This circumstance requires the development of broadband access technologies in both wired and wireless networks, the existing ways to increase the throughput of communication systems face the theoretical Shannon’s throughput limit, which forces researchers to look for alternative physical parameters of electromagnetic (EM) waves that can be used to transmit information
We will focus on the fiber-optic method for orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes generation, based on the application of a chiral fiber Bragg grating (ChFBG)
Summary
The demand for broadband multimedia services is still growing, which leads to an increase of transmitted data volume as part of the development of the digital economy and the expansion of the range of services (video conferencing, telemedicine, online broadcasting, streaming, etc.). Due to the helical structure of these grating arrays, higher-order modes can be generated with a simple laser model described in [6] It is shown in [7] that when using multimode fiber, the conversion of optical fibers with different topological charges: 0 → ±1, ±1 → 0, 0 → ±2, 0 → ±3 with efficiency up to 97% can be achieved. Fiber methods such as LPFGs require real-time fiber rotation and other fiber optic tools such as PCs. In our paper, we will focus on the fiber-optic method for OAM modes generation, based on the application of a chiral (vortex) fiber Bragg grating (ChFBG). We propose a method for generating a first-order OAM mode based on ChFBG, which in the general case is a continuous diffractive fiber structure with a spiral (helical) shape.
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