Abstract
Drying under solvent atmosphere (DUSA) was investigated as an experimental technique to generate self-assembled nanowires and needles from solutions of organic molecules under controlled conditions. Experimental observations of twisted nanowires are reported. These twisted nanowires were obtained by drying of solutions of achiral molecules under solvent controlled atmospheres: achiral, amphiphilic copper complexes were dissolved in an achiral solvent and these solutions were dried under controlled conditions. Two structurally related copper complexes were investigated. Microscopic investigations of the resulting nanowires revealed, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed: self-assembled twisted ribbons could be selectively obtained from one of these compounds. This behavior could be explained by comparing the ratio of the size of the head group and the overall length of the molecules. The occurrence of chiral filaments and chiral phases of nanosegregated filaments are rare in achiral compounds. The occurance of such twisted filaments is thought to be related to symmetry-breaking during a phase transition from liquid crystalline or lyotropic liquid crystalline phases to a nanosegregated phase. In the reported experiments, the concentration of a solution was gradually increased until crystallization occurred. The results clearly show how DUSA can be applied to investigate the capability of achiral substances to yield twisted filaments. Moreover, the investigated compounds had high-enough charge carrier mobilities, such that the twisted filaments obtained are candidates for self-assembled, intrinsically coiled nano-inductivities.
Highlights
Chiral liquid crystals and solids of chiral compounds frequently show characteristic crystal structures with distinct point group symmetry and helical structures, such as in the chiral nematic phase and the helical molecular arrangement observed in chiral smectic C* liquid crystals.[1,2] A crystal structure in solid or liquid crystalline phases consisting of chiral molecules shows a loss of local symmetry, which results in a different point group as the same crystal formed by achiral molecules (e.g. DNh in the achiral liquid crystalline nematic and smectic A phase changes to DN for the chiral nematic and chiral smectic-A phases, respectively).[1]
Experimental observations of twisted nanowires are reported. These twisted nanowires were obtained by drying of solutions of achiral molecules under solvent controlled atmospheres: achiral, amphiphilic copper complexes were dissolved in an achiral solvent and these solutions were dried under controlled conditions
The results clearly show how drying under solvent atmosphere (DUSA) can be applied to investigate the capability of achiral substances to yield twisted filaments
Summary
Chiral liquid crystals and solids of chiral compounds frequently show characteristic crystal structures with distinct point group symmetry and helical structures, such as in the chiral nematic phase and the helical molecular arrangement observed in chiral smectic C* liquid crystals.[1,2] A crystal structure in solid or liquid crystalline phases consisting of chiral molecules shows a loss of local symmetry, which results in a different point group as the same crystal formed by achiral molecules (e.g. DNh in the achiral liquid crystalline nematic and smectic A phase changes to DN for the chiral nematic and chiral smectic-A phases, respectively).[1]. These twisted nanowires were obtained by drying of solutions of achiral molecules under solvent controlled atmospheres: achiral, amphiphilic copper complexes were dissolved in an achiral solvent and these solutions were dried under controlled conditions.
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