Generation of syn-collisional S-type granites in collision zones: An example from the Late Triassic Tanggula Batholith in northern Tibet

Abstract

Mechanisms of syn-collision magma generation are unclear due to the uncertainty in defining the term collision. We address this issue by presenting detailed petrographic, chronological, and geochemical data for the Tanggula Batholith located immediately to the north of the Longmu Tso–Shuanghu suture zone (LSSZ) in northern Tibet. Zircon LA–ICPMS U–Pb dating suggests that the Tanggula Batholith was emplaced at 235–226 Ma. Samples from the batholith show variable SiO2 of 66.6–80.6 wt% and are characterized by high normative corundum (1.09–4.35 wt%) and high aluminum saturation index (A/CNK = 1.05–1.40). These samples exhibit high initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7165–0.7214), negative whole-rock εNd(t) (−10.1 to −8.5), εHf(t) (−8.7 to −6.3), enriched Pb isotope compositions, and variable zircon εHf(t) values (−29.9 to +5.6), as well as variable zircon δ18O value (6.90–9.22‰). These signatures are characteristic of S-type granites, and were derived from anataxis of metasedimentary rocks from the Qiangtang Terrane with input from mantle-derived components. We propose that the Tanggula Batholith was emplaced in a syn-collisional setting following closure of the Longmu Tso–Shuanghu Ocean along a north dipping subduction zone based on: the timing of high-pressure, low-temperature metamorphism at 244–221 Ma marking collision between Southern and Northern Qiangtang; the timing of exhumation of metamorphic rocks at ~223–204 Ma; and, bimodal volcanism (225–202 Ma) associated with slab breakoff at 220–215 Ma.