Abstract
The capacitance-charging method is a well-established and handy technique for the generation of dc current in the 100 pA range or lower. This method involves a capacitance standard and a sampling voltmeter, highly stable devices easy to calibrate, and it is robust and insensitive to the voltage burden of the instrument being calibrated. In this paper, we propose a range extender amplifier, which can be employed as a plug-in component in existing calibration setups, and allows the generation of currents in the 1 nA range. The extender has been employed in the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica setup and validated with two comparisons at 100 pA and 1 nA current levels. The calibration accuracy achieved on a top-class instrument is 5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> at 1 nA.
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