Abstract
BackgroundMicrobubbles have been widely used in advanced oxidation processes due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, the oxidation of ferrous ions in phosphoric acid solutions has been examined, focusing on the advanced oxidation activity of oxygen microbubbles. MethodsUltraviolet spectroscopy was used to determine the species and content of ROS. Electron spin-resonance spectroscopy and radical quenching experiments have confirmed the path of ROS generation. Significant findingsIt is concluded that the main ROS in the phosphoric acid solution was H2O2, and the generation of H2O2 was due to sequential single electron reduction of oxygen molecules. The amount of H2O2 generated was determined to be dependent on the temperature and phosphoric acid concentration, and under the optimal conditions (100 ºC and 7 mol/L H3PO4), 4.23 mmol/L H2O2 was produced from microbubbles. The kinetics analysis with respect to the oxidation of ferrous ions suggested significant reduction of reaction activation energy from greater than 56.1kJ/mol to 43.84 kJ/mol due to the oxidation via ROS, demonstrating that microbubble intensification is a facile and effective advanced oxidation method.
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