Abstract
Cylindrical vector beams and vortex beams, two types of typical singular optical beams characterized by axially symmetric polarization and helical phase front, possess the unique focusing property and the ability of carrying orbital angular momentum. We discuss the formation mechanisms of such singular beams in few-mode fibers under the vortex basis and show recent advances in generating techniques that are mainly based on long-period fiber gratings, mode-selective couplers, offset-spliced fibers, and tapered fibers. The performances of cylindrical vector beams and vortex beams generated in fibers and fiber lasers are summarized and compared to give a comprehensive understanding of singular beams and to promote their practical applications.
Highlights
In the past decades, spatially modulated structured light has captured a great deal of research interest and found a variety of applications.[1,2,3,4,5] Spatially modulated structured light refers to light beams with special intensity, phase, or polarization distributions in the spatial domain, such as Bessel beams, Airy beams, cylindrical vector beams (CVBs), and vortex beams (VBs)
During the propagation in two-mode fiber (TMF), the stability of CVBs and VBs depends on the degeneracy of the four vector modes.[137]
For CVBs and VBs generated in conventional TMFs or TMF lasers, the beam stability is sensitive to the experimental environment
Summary
Spatially modulated structured light has captured a great deal of research interest and found a variety of applications.[1,2,3,4,5] Spatially modulated structured light refers to light beams with special intensity, phase, or polarization distributions in the spatial domain, such as Bessel beams, Airy beams, cylindrical vector beams (CVBs), and vortex beams (VBs). The generation and modulation of CVBs/VBs in few-mode fibers and fiber lasers have attracting rising interests as such components or systems are compatible with optical fiber links, and this article reviews the important advances of the new emerging field.
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