Abstract
We have experimentally created perfect optical vortices by the Fourier transformation of holographic masks with combination of axicons and spiral functions, which are displayed on a transmission liquid crystal spatial light modulator. We showed theoretically that the size of the annular vortex in the Fourier plane is independent of the spiral phase topological charge but it is dependent on the axicon. We also studied numerically and experimentally the free space diffraction of a perfect optical vortex after the Fourier back plane and we found that the size of the intensity pattern of a perfect optical vortex depends on the topological charge and the propagation distance.
Highlights
As is well known, an optical vortex beam is an electromagnetic wave with a helical wavefront due to phase singularities [1]
We showed theoretically that the size of the annular vortex in the Fourier plane is independent of the spiral phase topological charge but it is dependent on the axicon
We present an experimental approach for generating perfect optical vortices by using of phase masks of three levels with shape of axicon and spiral phase functions, which are displayed in a transmission liquid crystal spatial light modulator
Summary
An optical vortex beam is an electromagnetic wave with a helical wavefront due to phase singularities [1]. The unique optical properties of the optical vortices have been widely used in applications such as optical tweezers [5,6,7,8], image processing [9,10,11], communication systems in free space [12,13,14], and optical fibers [15, 16] Motivated by these applications several methods for generating the optical vortex beam have been proposed [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]; the diameter of these optical vortices is related to their topological charges. This property causes difficulties to achieve a high spatial accuracy and high orbital angular momentum coupling optical vortices into a fiber
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