Generation of nonclassical light by dissipative two-photon processes.

Abstract

Nonclassical states of light may be generated by processes involving the creation or annihilation of photons in pairs. A quadratic coupling, characteristic of a parametric amplifier, generates a squeezed vacuum from a normal vacuum, and a two-photon absorber can also generate a squeezed state (though not a minimum-uncertainty state) even though it is a purely dissipative process. We consider here the simultaneous action of a quadratic pump on a two-photon absorber and demonstrate how superpositions of distinct coherent states may be generated by their combined effects. We use standard master equations to describe the time development, employing split operators and direct numerical integrations to determine the field density-matrix elements and quasiprobabilities. The purities of the nonclassical states are determined by evaluating the field entropy. Provided one-photon dissipative processes may be ignored, a pure superposition state is formed in the steady state. This superposition is destroyed if one-photon loss processes are important.