Abstract
A combination of orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM) degrees of freedom for a single photon leads to enhanced transmission rates and security in high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. Therefore, the actual commercial QKD sources require accurate and fast generation of encoded states. This paper proposes a schemed and numerically verified integrated high-speed and low-loss electro-optical modulator for the manipulation of modes encoded in OAM-SAM states. The modulator is designed as an electro-optically active lithium niobate on insulator photonic wire configuration. The obtained results indicate the high purity (>92%) and low quantum bit error rate (∼8%) generation of encoded states for 4D-QKD with structured photons via low applied voltage values not more than 9 volts.
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