Abstract
We have realized the optical excitation of krypton to a metastable level with an efficiency as high as $23\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}%$ using near-resonant 124-nm light produced by four-wave mixing in mercury vapor. Self-absorption in mercury is circumvented by adjusting the detuning and phase matching according to experimental and theoretical characterizations. Density-matrix calculations of the metastable krypton generation agree with the measured dependencies of the excitation efficiency, indicating pathways towards a further improvement. The obtained excitation efficiency, being one order of magnitude higher than that of previously demonstrated techniques, enables an extension of the metastable density regime for atomic physics applications, including magnetometry, atom lithography, and radioisotope dating.
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