Abstract
Single photons are a central resource in photonic quantum information technology. As flying qubits, they serve as elementary information carriers for the transmission of quantum information both locally in photonic quantum circuits and over long distances in quantum networks. The information to be transmitted is encoded via degrees of freedom of single photons, such as their linear polarization. It is therefore essential for the implementation of photonic quantum information technology systems to generate single photons acting as flying qubits on-demand. Quantum emitters in solid-state systems are excellently suited for this purpose. Due to their discrete electronic states, they emit single photons per trigger pulse with high multi-photon suppression and high emission rate. Many applications in photonic quantum information technology require not only high single-photon purity, but also high photon indistinguishability, for example to enable entanglement swapping via Bell-state measurements in long-distance quantum repeater networks. The generation of photons with a high degree of indistinguishability is very challenging, as various mechanisms such as phonon-induced dephasing, some of which are difficult to control, limit this important property of quantum light sources. Against this background, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of current developments of epitaxial quantum dots for the on-demand generation of single indistinguishable photons and their application in photonic quantum information technology.
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