Abstract
Photosynthesis is considered to be one of the promising areas of cheap and environmentally friendly energy. Photosynthesis involves the process of water oxidation with the formation of molecular oxygen and hydrogen as byproducts. The aim of the present article is to review the energy (light) phase of photosynthesis based on the published X-ray studies of photosystems I and II (PS-I and PS-II). Using modern ideas about semiconductors and biological semiconductor structures, the mechanisms of H+, O2↑, e− generation from water are described. At the initial stage, PS II produces hydrogen peroxide from water as a result of the photoenzymatic reaction, which is oxidized in the active center of PS-II on the Mn4CaO5 cluster to form O2↑, H+, e−. Mn4+ is reduced to Mn2+ and then oxidized to Mn4+ with the transfer of reducing the equivalents of PS-I. The electrons formed are transported to PS-I (P 700), where the electrochemical reaction of water decomposition takes place in a two-electrode electrolysis system with the formation of gaseous oxygen and hydrogen. The proposed functioning mechanisms of PS-I and PS-II can be used in the development of environmentally friendly technologies for the production of molecular hydrogen.
Highlights
Over the past few centuries, significant amounts of carbon in the form of CO2, stored for millions of years in the form of deposits of coal, oil, and gas, have been returned to theEarth’s atmosphere
Based on the above representations on the semiconductor nature of specialized cell membranes and the analysis of the spatial structure of the photosystem II (PS-II) cluster, we propose a mechanism of the generation of H+, O2 ↑, and e- ions from water as a result of the photoelectroenzymatic reaction on the PS-II cluster
To prevent the development of an irreversible process associated with the greenhouse effect and the consequent climate warming, new environmentally friendly technologies in the energy production sector are being actively developed
Summary
Over the past few centuries, significant amounts of carbon in the form of CO2 , stored for millions of years in the form of deposits of coal, oil, and gas, have been returned to theEarth’s atmosphere. Over the past few centuries, significant amounts of carbon in the form of CO2 , stored for millions of years in the form of deposits of coal, oil, and gas, have been returned to the. 37,900 million tons per year of products from the combustion of carbon fuels in the form of CO2 [1]. It is believed that the most promising in the environmental aspect is hydrogen energy, which can be successfully used in industry, transport, and power generation. A number of “dirty” technological solutions for obtaining hydrogen in industry are known, such as the steam conversion of methane and natural gas; the gasification of coal; the pyrolysis of liquid and combustible fossils; and the decomposition of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons and solid domestic waste [2]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
