Generation of Electricity from Abattoir Waste Using Microbial Fuel Cell

Abstract

This study undertook the generation of electricity from abattoir waste with the aim of eliminating the polluting effects of this waste. To achieve the aim of the study, three abattoirs were randomly selected within Ile-Ife in Osun State, southwest Nigeria. Using interactive and investigative methods, the average number of cows and goats that were slaughtered daily, weekly and monthly was established; and the amount of waste generated was subsequently estimated. Water samples were collected from water sources for the abattoirs. Wastewater samples were also collected at different carefully selected stages of the abattoir processes. The wastewater samples were exposed to air for 6 hours to 48 hours. The water and wastewater samples were then subjected to physico-chemical analysis, using standard procedures. Using standard method and appropriate materials, salt bridge was prepared and Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) were assembled. Subsequently, electrical set up was done, abattoir wastewater introduced into the chamber and electricity generated and evaluated. Voltage, voltage drop, power and current readings were observed and recorded for a period of six (6) days (between 131-144 hours). Surveys revealed that an average of two (2) cows was slaughtered daily in each abattoir. Results showed that the quantity of waste generated from each abattoir per day stands at 100-120 kg per day. For fresh water samples, the pH fell within WHO standard (6.98 to 7.05); while the average pH value for the wastewaters showed that it is basic. Also, for fresh water samples, TS, TSS and BOD values met WHO standard (340 to 440 mg/l), 200 to 220 mg/l and 240 to 600 mg/l) respectively, while the values were excessively high for wastewaters. Generally, the voltage generated from waste with longest exposure to air had the least values. The study concluded that electricity generation is possible from abattoir waste using microbial fuel cells.