Abstract
Comprehensive analysis that aims to understand the topology of real-world networks and the development of algorithms that replicate their characteristics has been significant research issues. Although the accuracy of newly developed network protocols or algorithms does not depend on the underlying topology, the performance generally depends on the topology. As a result, network practitioners have concentrated on generating representative synthetic topologies and utilize them to investigate the performance of their design in simulation or emulation environments. Network generators typically represent the Internet topology as a graph composed of point-to-point links. In this study, we discuss the implications of multi-access links on the synthetic network generation and modeling of the networks as bi-partite graphs to represent both subnetworks and routers. We then analyze the characteristics of sampled Internet topology data sets from backbone Autonomous Systems (AS) and observe that in addition to the commonly recognized power-law node degree distribution, the subnetwork size and the router interface distributions often exhibit power-law characteristics. We introduce a SubNetwork Generator (SubNetG) topology generation approach that incorporates the observed measurements to produce bipartite network topologies. In particular, generated topologies capture the 2-mode relation between the layer-2 (i.e., the subnetwork and interface distributions) and the layer-3 (i.e., the degree distribution) that is missing from the current network generators that produce 1-mode graphs. The SubNetG source code and experimental data is available at https://github.com/netml/sonet.
Highlights
As the largest human-made complex network, the Internet grows with no central authority
Each Autonomous Systems (AS) is assigned a unique identification number to be employed with the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), and possesses Internet Protocol (IP) address ranges to be utilized for unique identification of devices across the Internet and routing of the network traffic
As we are interested in the link-level Internet topology, we focus on the interface distribution and subnetwork distribution as two metrics to model the underlying connectivity in addition to the commonly utilized degree distribution
Summary
As the largest human-made complex network, the Internet grows with no central authority. Internet connectivity is provided by tens of thousands of Autonomous Systems (AS), organizations that maintain a physical network, or a group of networks. Each AS is assigned a unique identification number to be employed with the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), and possesses Internet Protocol (IP) address ranges to be utilized for unique identification of devices across the Internet and routing of the network traffic. A large number of decentralized AS, which vary in size and geographic footprint, connect individuals, businesses, and organizations.
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