Generation modular reactors: A framework

Abstract

Small modular reactors (SMRs) have been recently attracting attention as a means to overcome the cost overruns and schedule delays typically associated with large reactors; and as a tool to combat climate change by offering a carbon-free source for power and/or process heat. The smallness (in power and physical size) reduces financial risk and initial capital cost, by enabling incremental addition of SMR units as demand increases. The lower power of SMRs makes them also appealing to jurisdictions of low power demands. In addition, the development of new reactors is an opportunity to incorporate in the design the safety and economic features of Generation IV reactors. However, the “M” is SMRs can be ambiguous, as it has many meanings and definitions. This paper discusses the various concepts and phases of modularity, in an attempt to provide a framework for communication with and among researchers, designers, manufacturers, construction contractors, decision makers and the public at large. This framework is called here “Generation Modular Reactors”, in analogy with “Generation IV reactors”, as both represent pivotal evolution of nuclear-reactor technology.