Generation mechanism of solar-like differential rotation in high-resolution simulations

Abstract

We analyze the simulation result shown in Hotta & Kusano, 2021 in which the solar-like differential rotation is reproduced. The Sun is rotating differentially with the fast equator and the slow pole. It is widely thought that the thermal convection maintains the differential rotation, but recent high-resolution simulations tend to fail to reproduce the fast equator. This fact is an aspect of one of the biggest problems in solar physics called the convective conundrum. Hotta & Kusano, 2021 succeed in reproducing the solar-like differential rotation without using any manipulation with unprecedentedly high-resolution simulation. In this study, we analyze the simulation data to understand the maintenance mechanism of the fast equator. Our analyses lead to conclusions that are summarized as follows. 1. Superequipatition magnetic field is generated by the compression, which can indirectly convert the massive internal energy to magnetic energy. 2. The efficient small-scale energy transport suppresses large-scale convection energy. 3. Non-Taylor--Proudman differential rotation is maintained by the entropy gradient caused by the anisotropic latitudinal energy transport enhanced by the magnetic field. 4. The fast equator is maintained by the meridional flow mainly caused by the Maxwell stress. The Maxwell stress itself also has a role in the angular momentum transport for fast near-surface equator (we call it the Punching ball effect). The fast equator in the simulation is reproduced not due to the low Rossby number regime but due to the strong magnetic field. This study newly finds the role of the magnetic field in the maintenance of differential rotation.