Abstract
Abstract Underground trains using electrical power release airborne wear particles (AWPs) from a wheel–rail contact that can adversely affect human health. Understanding the AWP generation characteristics may be helpful to reduce AWP generation from the wheel–rail contact and improving the air quality of underground subway systems. Therefore, the generation characteristics of the ultrafine, fine, and coarse particles generated in rolling/sliding and sliding contact were analyzed for five train velocities at a normal load of 15 kN using a twin-disk rig. In addition, the relation between the AWP generation amount and train velocity was investigated. The AWP number concentrations (NCs) were measured using a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) and an optical particle sizer (OPS). The particle sizes were classified into three categories based on their diameter (D): ultrafine (D ≤ 100 nm), fine (100 nm
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