Generation and functional evaluation of a DNA vaccine co-expressing Vibrio anguillarum VAA protein and flounder interleukin-2

Abstract

In our previous study, a DNA plasmid encoding the VAA gene of Vibrio anguillarum was constructed and demonstrated to confer moderated protection against V. anguillarum challenge. Here, a bicistronic DNA vaccine (pVAA-IRES-IL2), co-expressing the VAA gene of V. anguillarum and Interleukin-2 (IL2) gene of flounder, was constructed to increase the protective efficacy of VAA DNA vaccine. The potential of pVAA-IRES-IL2 to express both VAA and IL2 in transfected HINAE cell lines was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. Further, the variation of sIgM+, CD4-1+, CD4-2+ lymphocytes and production of VAA-specific antibodies in flounder, which was intramuscularly immunized with three DNA plasmids (pIRES, pVAA-IRES, pVAA-IRES-IL2), were investigated, respectively. The bacterial burden and relative percentage survival (RPS) of flounder exposed to V. anguillarum infection were both analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of bicistronic DNA plasmid. Our results revealed that the percentages of sIgM+, CD4-1+, CD4-2+ lymphocytes and antibodies specific to VAA were remarkably increased in pVAA-IRES or pVAA-IRES-IL2 immunized fish. Moreover, the co-expression of IL2 enhanced the immune response in response to VAA DNA vaccination, as shown by the higher percentages of sIgM+, CD4-1+, CD4-2+ lymphocytes and production of specific antibody. Importantly, the RPS in pVAA-IRES-IL2 and pVAA-IRES groups reached 64.1% and 51.3%, respectively, when compared with the 97.5% cumulative mortality in pIRES group. Furthermore, the number of V. anguillarum in liver, spleen and kidney of pVAA-IRES or pVAA-IRES-IL2 immunized flounder after V. anguillarum challenge was significantly reduced, as compared to that in pIRES group. These suggest that the bicistronic DNA vaccine can be an effective immunization strategy in inducing immune response against V. anguillarum infection and IL2 has the potential as the adjuvant for VAA DNA vaccine.