Generation and control of optical rogue waves by super-Gaussian pulses with varying steepness

Abstract

We investigate the dynamics of optical rogue waves induced by super-Gaussian (SG) pulses in fiber optics. SG pulses with controlled steep leading and trailing edges can produce high-intensity self-focusing when propagating in nonlinear fibers with weak dispersion and strong nonlinearity. We observe the emergence of various rogue waves, including Peregrine breathers, Akhmediev breathers (ABs), and second-order ABs. By adjusting the steepness of the SG pulses, the generation of these rogue waves can be controlled. As the steepness of the SG pulse increases, we find the fundamental-order AB can stably coexist. Simultaneously, we reveal that the period of these ABs can be effectively controlled by adjusting the steepness of the SG pulse. At a certain steepness, the second-order AB with high power can also be observed. We also investigated the propagation of SG pulses with an initial chirp in fiber optics and found that they can also control AB and second-order Peregrine breathers. To our knowledge, our findings present a new approach to generating controllable rogue waves.