Abstract
We study how the presence of correlations in physical variables contributes to the form of probability distributions. We investigate a process with correlations in the variance generated by (i) a Gaussian or (ii) a truncated Lévy distribution. For both (i) and (ii), we find that due to the correlations in the variance, the process “dynamically” generates power-law tails in the distributions, whose exponents can be controlled through the way the correlations in the variance are introduced. For (ii), we find that the process can extend a truncated distribution beyond the truncation cutoff, which leads to a crossover between a Lévy stable power law and the present “dynamically-generated” power law. We show that the process can explain the crossover behavior recently observed in the S&P500 stock index.
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