Abstract
The realistic representation of an irregular geological body is essential to the construction of a particle simulation model. A three-dimensional (3D) sphere generator for an irregular model (SGIM), which is based on the platform of Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) in VC++, is developed to accurately simulate the inherent discontinuities in geological bodies. OpenGL is employed to visualize the modeling in the SGIM. Three key functions, namely, the basic-model-setup function, the excavating function, and the cutting function, are implemented. An open-pit slope is simulated using the proposed model. The results demonstrate that an extremely irregular 3D model of a geological body can be generated using the SGIM and that various types of discontinuities can be inserted to cut the model. The data structure of the model that is generated by the SGIM is versatile and can be easily modified to match various numerical calculation tools. This can be helpful in the application of particle simulation methods to large-scale geoengineering projects.
Highlights
The results demonstrate that an extremely irregular 3D model of a geological body can be generated using the sphere generator for an irregular model (SGIM) and that various types of discontinuities can be inserted to cut the model
Particle-based methods such as the discrete element method (DEM) [1,2,3,4] and discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) [5, 6] have been used to solve numerous types of engineering-oriented problems [7,8,9,10,11,12,13], the following fundamental simulation issues should be addressed to ensure that these methods solve static and quasistatic problems in a precise and efficient manner [14]
The first step in applying particle simulation methods to solve any practical engineering problem involves the generation of a particle model of discrete objects, which are packed in a form that realistically represents the physical model of the problem
Summary
Particle-based methods such as the discrete element method (DEM) [1,2,3,4] and discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) [5, 6] have been used to solve numerous types of engineering-oriented problems [7,8,9,10,11,12,13], the following fundamental simulation issues should be addressed to ensure that these methods solve static and quasistatic problems in a precise and efficient manner [14]. The third issue is that the conventional loading procedure used in the distinct element method is conceptually inaccurate from a force propagation point of view After these fundamental problems were successfully addressed, a new type of particle-based method, known as the particle simulation method [14, 15], was proposed and implemented to solve several types of geological and engineering problems associated with large-scale static, quasistatic, and dynamic systems [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]. A 3D numerical model that is based on the discrete element method, in which preexisting discontinuities are initially inserted into the particle model, was used to model the progressive failure of a jointed rock mass Because these models are extremely simple, they inadequately represent a geological body. Different types of discontinuities can be inserted to cut the model to obtain a more realistic rock mass, which is significant to the application of particle simulation methods in numerical simulation of large-scale geoengineering problems
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