Abstract
Water scarcity is a mounting problem in arid and semi-arid regions such as the Mediterranean. Therefore, smarter and more effective water management is required, especially in irrigated agriculture. One of the most challenging uncertainties in the operation of on-demand collective Pressurized Irrigation Distribution Systems (PIDSs) is to know, a priori, the number and the position of hydrants in simultaneous operation. To this end, a model was developed to generate close to reality operating hydrants configurations, with 15, 30 or 60 min time steps, by estimating the irrigation scheduling for the entire irrigation season, using climatic, crop and soil data. The model is incorporated in an integrated DSS called Decision Support for Irrigation Distribution Systems (DESIDS) and links two of its modules, namely, the irrigation demand and scheduling module and the hydraulic analysis module. The latter is used to perform two types of analyses for the performance assessment and decision-making processes. The model was used in a real case study in Italy to generate hydrants’ operation taking into consideration irrigation scheduling. The results show that during the peak period, hydrants simultaneity topped 62%. The latter created pressure deficit in some hydrants, thus reducing the volume of water supplied for irrigation by up to 87 m3 in a single hydrant during the peak demand day. The developed model proved to be an important tool for irrigation managers, as it provides vital information with great flexibility and the ability to assess and predict the operation of PIDSs at any period during the irrigation season.
Highlights
On-demand irrigation delivery schedule gives farmers the ability to control the frequency, rate and duration of irrigation
The results show that during the peak period, hydrants simultaneity topped 62%
Systems (PIDSs) are designed to offer this type of schedule taking into account the minimum required pressure needed to appropriately operate on-farm irrigation systems
Summary
On-demand irrigation delivery schedule gives farmers the ability to control the frequency, rate and duration of irrigation It provides farmers with a high level of flexibility to better match their crop water needs with the amount of water delivered to farms. A widely used probabilistic approach proposed by Clément [1] for the calculation of such discharges has been contrasted in several studies that considered it appropriate for the design of on-demand irrigation networks [2]. This approach does not permit to take into consideration the variety of flow regimes occurring in an irrigation system
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