Abstract

Climate change in the Arctic is amplified by albedo feedbacks involving snow and ice. Between the nineteenth and 21st centuries, warming in the Arctic was very likely double that for the globe (see Impacts of a Warming Arctic, Cambridge University Press, 2004). This trend appears to have further accelerated during the past decade as evidenced by both the dramatic decrease of summer sea ice cover and increased melt rates of glaciers. The limited instrumental record covering only the past ˜50 years severely limits our understanding of multidecadal and centennial spatial and temporal variability.

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