Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure in a Pediatric Patient with Sunflower Syndrome: A Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Sunflower syndrome (SFS) is a rare epileptic disorder characterized by a stereotypical hand- waving motion in front of the eyes when exposed to a light source. SFS is still poorly understood, but there are reports of patients who have concurrent seizure disorders as well, such as generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) and absence seizures. Case: We present a 10-year-old boy with a past medical history of sunflower syndrome, non-compliant with pharmacotherapy, who experienced his first GTC seizure. After carefully reviewing the patient's history, a decision was made to start the patient on valproic acid. Discussion: The question remains as to whether sunflower syndrome increases the risk of progressing to generalized seizures or if they are just more likely to suffer from both seizure disorders at the same time. It is possible that continuous electrical signals seen in sunflower syndrome could reach the threshold needed to progress to a GTC seizure; however, more research will need to be conducted on this topic. Conclusion: Although there is little research that indicates sunflower syndrome can progress to GTC seizures, our case highlights the importance of careful seizure management and the risks of untreated epileptic disorders.