Abstract
The paper introduces a class of two-way, 3 dB narrowband power dividers (combiners), closed on complex termination impedances, that generalizes a number of topologies presented during past years as extensions of the traditional Wilkinson design. Adopting even-odd mode analysis, we demonstrate that, under very broad assumptions, any axially symmetric reactive 3-port can be designed to operate as a 3 dB two-way power divider, by connecting a properly designed isolation impedance across two symmetrically but arbitrarily located additional ports. We show that this isolation element can be evaluated by a single input impedance or admittance CAD simulation or measurement; moreover, an explicit expression is given for the isolation impedance. The theory is shown to lead to the same design as for already presented generalizations of the Wilkinson divider; further validation is provided through both simulated and experimental case studies, and an application of the theory to the design of broadband or multi-band couplers is suggested.
Highlights
Power dividers and combiners are widely adopted in microwave systems, such as power amplifiers
We have demonstrated that an arbitrary axially symmetric reactive structure can be designed to operate as a 3 dB two-way narrowband power divider, extending the possible divider topologies beyond the traditional Wilkinson or its generalizations
Matching and isolation of the output ports are achieved by connecting a proper isolation impedance Zc between two symmetrically but arbitrarily located additional ports, provided that input matching is imposed either by design of the reactive structure or by cascading a matching section to its input port
Summary
Power dividers and combiners are widely adopted in microwave systems, such as power amplifiers. Under very broad assumptions (see Section II-C, last paragraph), any lossless 3-port structure with axial symmetry can be exploited to realize a 3 dB narrowband isolating power divider, by connecting a properly designed isolation impedance between two additional ports symmetrically placed in an arbitrary plane orthogonal to the symmetry axis. We demonstrate that any lossless 5-port structure with axial symmetry can be exploited to realize a 3 dB isolating power divider by connecting a dissipative element of impedance Zc between two symmetrically placed ports. The circuit to be analyzed is that of Fig. 2(a)
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