Generalized Spatial-Temporal Coprime Sampling for Joint DOA and Doppler Estimation

Abstract

Joint direction of arrival (DOA) and Doppler frequency estimation plays an important role in radar and wireless communication systems. However, the number of antennas and snapshots could be limited in real applications, so that it is necessary to design the array structure and sampling method to improve the estimation performance. We utilize coprime array and coprime sampler at the spatial and temporal domains under a constrained number of total snapshots. We propose to allow different temporal sampling parameters for the coprime samplers at different antennas, called STCS (Spatial-Temporal Coprime Sampling with possibly different temporal sampling parameters). The spatial coprime array and temporal coprime sampler parameters are optimized to maximize the degrees of freedom (DOFs). Based on the optimized coprime array and samplers, compressed sensing theory is used to jointly estimate the DOA and Doppler frequency. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate that the proposed STCS can provide the improved DOF and better estimation performance.