Generalized Shuffles Related to Nijenhuis and TD-Algebras

Abstract

Shuffle type products are well known in mathematics and physics. They are intimately related to Loday's dendriform algebras and were extensively used to give explicit constructions of free Rota–Baxter algebras. In the literature there exist at least two other Rota–Baxter type algebras, namely, the Nijenhuis algebra and the so-called TD-algebra. The explicit construction of the free unital commutative Nijenhuis algebra uses a modified quasi-shuffle product, called the right-shift shuffle. We show that another modification of the quasi-shuffle, the so-called left-shift shuffle, can be used to give an explicit construction of the free unital commutative TD-algebra. We explore some basic properties of TD-operators. Our construction is related to Loday's unital commutative tridendriform algebra, including the involutive case. The concept of Rota–Baxter, Nijenhuis and TD-bialgebras is introduced at the end, and we show that any commutative bialgebra provides such objects.