Abstract
Hazardous materials transportation should consider risk equity and transportation risk and cost. In the hazardous materials transportation process, we consider risk equity as an important condition in optimizing vehicle routing for the long-term transport of hazardous materials between single or multiple origin-destination pairs (O-D) to reduce the distribution difference of hazardous materials transportation risk over populated areas. First, a risk equity evaluation scheme is proposed to reflect the risk difference among the areas. The evaluation scheme uses standard deviation to measure the risk differences among populated areas. Second, a risk distribution equity model is proposed to decrease the risk difference among populated areas by adjusting the path frequency between O-D pairs for hazardous materials transportation. The model is converted into two sub models to facilitate decision-making, and an algorithm is provided for each sub model. Finally, we design a numerical example to verify the accuracy and rationality of the model and algorithm. The numerical example shows that the proposed model is essential and feasible for reducing the complexity and increasing the portability of the transportation process.
Highlights
In hazardous materials transportation, risk equity (Keeney, 1980) is an important factor along with the cost and risk of transport, because the distances between road segments and densely populated areas vary and the selection frequencies of road segments for transportation are different
Literature Review We introduce three research aspects: risk evaluation method, risk equity evaluation method, and transport routing optimization method
Vehicle routing model In a hazardous materials transportation network, the selected frequency of the relevant path contributes in achieving balanced risk for each populated area when one or few “best” paths are obtained by optimization
Summary
Risk equity (Keeney, 1980) is an important factor along with the cost and risk of transport, because the distances between road segments and densely populated areas vary and the selection frequencies of road segments for transportation are different. Conca et al (2016) proposed an integrated approach for the study of routing problems considering safety, to analyze the interactions between road traffic flow and frequency of accidents Another risk assessment method incorporates distance in models dealing with hazardous materials transportation. Current and Ratick (1995) proposed a model for minimizing transportation and storage risks by considering them proportional to the exposed population They represented equity by minimizing the maximum total transportation exposure or the exposure derived from stored materials to all individuals. Bianco et al (2009) established a linear two-layer programming model for hazardous materials transportation network design by considering total risk minimization and risk equity agreement. Kang et al (2014) applied the Value-at-Risk (VaR) model in designing a path plan for the hazardous materials transportation network, and risk equity constraint was considered in the establishment of the model
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