Generalized extreme-value distribution of maximum intensities and Lévy-like behavior in an SOA-based random feedback laser emission

Abstract

We report on generalized extreme value distribution of the maximum output intensities in a random feedback laser (RFL) emission, with localized gain provided by a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Feedback due to Rayleigh backscattering from a single-mode fiber sustains the laser oscillation in a half-open cavity configuration. The experimental distribution of maximum output intensities near threshold is described by Fréchet distribution, and the distribution of intensities is associated with a heavy-tail power-law distribution. Increasing the pump above the threshold, the distribution of maxima tends to a Gumbel distribution. We also present experimental evidence of Lévy-like behavior in the SOA-RFL output intensities operating near the laser threshold, which is in agreement with extreme value statistics predictions.