Abstract
Discovering a generalized criterion that can predict the mechanical failure of various different structural materials is one of ultimate goals for scientists in both material and mechanics communities. Since the first study on the failure criterion of materials by Galileo, about three centuries have passed. Now we eventually find the “generalized energy criterion”, as presented here, which appears to be one universal law for various different kinds of materials. The validity of the energy criterion for quantitatively predicting the failure is experimentally confirmed using a metallic glass. The generalized energy criterion reveals the competition and interaction between shear and cleavage, the two fundamental inherent failure mechanisms, and thus provides new physical insights into the failure prediction of materials and structural components.
Highlights
Discovering a generalized criterion that can predict the mechanical failure of various different structural materials is one of ultimate goals for scientists in both material and mechanics communities
The failure criterion, which predicts the critical conditions for the breakdown of elasticity of materials, is often employed during the structural design stage of a component to ensure it safely work in the elastic state of the used material1,3
The gate of fracture mechanics was opened by the pioneering work by Griffith4, who firstly applied the first law of thermodynamics to solve the failure problem of a cracked glass, and proposed the critical energy as a criterion to predict the instable fracture of the oxidation glass
Summary
Discovering a generalized criterion that can predict the mechanical failure of various different structural materials is one of ultimate goals for scientists in both material and mechanics communities. There are two classes of prediction theories, i.e., fracture mechanics and failure criterion. The failure criterion, which predicts the critical conditions for the breakdown of elasticity of materials (i.e., yielding for ductile materials and fracture for brittle materials), is often employed during the structural design stage of a component to ensure it safely work in the elastic state of the used material. The gate of fracture mechanics was opened by the pioneering work by Griffith, who firstly applied the first law of thermodynamics to solve the failure problem of a cracked glass, and proposed the critical energy as a criterion to predict the instable fracture of the oxidation glass.
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