Abstract
In several studies conducted recently, it was shown that equations pertinent to the electric and magnetic fields produced by electrical charges in motion can be used to calculate the electromagnetic fields produced by current pulses propagating along linearly restricted paths. An example includes the case of current pulses propagating along conductors and conducting channels such as lightning. In this paper, it is shown how the technique can be applied to estimate the electromagnetic fields generated by current and charge distributions moving in arbitrary directions in space. The analysis shows that, depending on the way the problem is formulated using the field equations pertinent to accelerating charges, one procedure leads to the generalized dipole equations, which are independent of the velocity of propagation of the current, and the other procedure leads to a set of equations that depend on the velocity. Using the well-tested transmission line model of lightning return strokes as an example, it is shown that both sets of field equations give rise to the same total electromagnetic field.
Highlights
In the literature, three techniques have been used to calculate the electromagnetic fields from lightning return strokes [1,2]
The standard equations for the electromagnetic fields generated by moving and accelerating charges were utilized to evaluate the electromagnetic fields from lightning return strokes
This technique has several advantages over other conventional methods of electromagnetic field calculations, when the system under consideration can be reduced to a set of straight conductors, through which current pulses of arbitrary temporal characteristics propagate with different velocities
Summary
Three techniques have been used to calculate the electromagnetic fields from lightning return strokes [1,2]. Cooray and Cooray [6] illustrated how this technique could be used to calculate the electric fields generated by currents flowing along arbitrarily shaped conductors during lightning strikes This technique has several advantages over other conventional methods of electromagnetic field calculations, when the system under consideration can be reduced to a set of straight conductors, through which current pulses of arbitrary temporal characteristics propagate with different velocities. If the velocity of propagation is equal to the speed of light, the total field ( the radiation field) generated by the system can be fully determined by analyzing what is happening at the bends and terminations of the conductors In this case, the complete electromagnetic field can be reduced to a sum of electromagnetic fields generated by the changes in the magnitude of the currents and the velocity of propagation taking place at the bends and end points of the conductors. The goal of this paper is to generalize this technique to calculate electromagnetic fields when the current densities and velocities of propagation are specified in a given arbitrary volume in space
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