Generalized Berry phase for the most general time-dependent damped harmonic oscillator

Abstract

The most general time-dependence Hamiltonian for a harmonic oscillator is both linear and quadratic in the coordinate and the canonical momentum. It describes in general a harmonic oscillator with a time-dependent mass, a time-dependent friction (or antifriction) 'constant', and a time-dependent spring constant, acted upon by a time-dependent force. The energy, whose time derivative is the power, is in general different from the Hamiltonian. The generalized Berry phase for a given energy eigenstate has a state-dependent part, which vanishes if there is no damping, and an arbitrary state-independent part. If the Hamiltonian is identified as the energy, both the energy eigenvalues and the generalized Berry phase are different. In the adiabatic limit both approaches give the same total phase, which is the sum of the dynamical and Berry phases.