Abstract
A general method to synthesize mesoporous metal oxide@N-doped macroporous graphene composite by heat-treatment of electrostatically co-assembled amine-functionalized mesoporous silica/metal oxide composite and graphene oxide, and subsequent silica removal to produce mesoporous metal oxide and N-doped macroporous graphene simultaneously is reported. Four mesoporous metal oxides (WO3− x , Co3O4, Mn2O3, and Fe3O4) are encapsulated in N-doped macroporous graphene. Used as an anode material for sodium-ion hybrid supercapacitors (Na-HSCs), mesoporous reduced tungsten oxide@N-doped macroporous graphene (m-WO3− x @NM-rGO) gives outstanding rate capability and stable cycle life. Ex situ analyses suggest that the electrochemical reaction mechanism of m-WO3− x @NM-rGO is based on Na+ intercalation/de-intercalation. To the best of knowledge, this is the first report on Na+ intercalation/de-intercalation properties of WO3− x and its application to Na-HSCs.
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