General Spatial Pattern and Meta-Pattern Model for Problems That Need Analytical Approach in Complex Spatial Systems

Indraja E Germanaite,Rimantas Butleris,Audrius Lopata,Kestutis Zaleckis

doi:10.3390/app12010302

Indraja E Germanaite, Rimantas Butleris + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010302

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Journal: Applied sciences	Publication Date: Dec 29, 2021
Citations: 3	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Kaunas University of Technology

Abstract

Spatial Pattern (SP) Description, Identification, and Application Methodology (SPDIAM) was developed for describing and detecting spatial economic, social, and environmental phenomena and providing basic information technology (IT) artefacts that can be used for the spatial analysis development using GIS technologies. SPDIAM allows urban planning and design practitioners to describe SP in a computerized manner, identify SP automatically, and apply them in the spatial planning and design domain. In this article, we explain the general SP and spatial meta-pattern model, used in SPDIAM, that is based on the theory of Complex Spatial System (CSS), spatial configuration, and spatial capital concepts and is presented using UML diagrams as standard used for visualization of project models from structure and behavior points of views. The practical experiment of describing and identifying 6 basic spatial meta-pattern values is conducted using the new algorithm that combines Space Syntax method, Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA), and VGA measures to create a computer model of space and to quantify its configuration, which can then be used to handle geographic and geometric data associated with attribute information, to perform spatial, mathematical, and statistical calculations and to visualize SP. The results of the experiment show that the model and the algorithm are appropriate for spatial meta-patterns identification, and the best results can be achieved using VGA measure Isovist Compactness. In the future, general SP and the spatial meta-pattern model can be used to describe and identify complex SP and to solve problems in CSS with the help of the spatial meta-pattern values described in this article.

Highlights

Information systems (IS) research examines more than the technological or social system, or the two side by side; it investigates the phenomenon that emerges when the two interact [1]
In our previous article [2], we presented Spatial Pattern (SP) Description, Identification, and Application Methodology (SPDIAM) and SP identification algorithm
The main results of the conducted spatial meta-pattern identification experiment are as follows: (1) Isovist Compactness measure is the most suitable for SP identification as its values show the features of the form of the spatial object and its proximity to the circle using certain clear ranges for different spatial meta-pattern values

Summary

Introduction

Information systems (IS) research examines more than the technological or social system, or the two side by side; it investigates the phenomenon that emerges when the two interact [1]. SPDIAM is based on the Space Syntax method and normalized spatial and non-spatial measures and can be used with the statistical social, economic, and environmental indicators, which are related to the urban sustainability and spatial capital. Space Syntax approach was chosen as the most appropriate for this research as it: (a) views the urban spaces as a complex, constantly interacting network, reflecting nature of a city as a complex, dynamic system; (b) uses mathematical methods and mathematical graph model; (c) offers a high variety of theoretically grounded and empirically tested both normalized and not normalized centrality measures, which create a lot of possibilities for spatial configuration analysis and comparison; and (d) could be seen as a tool to evaluate spatial capital [3]. Space Syntax was applied in various urban design, strategic planning, and consultancy projects, such as public realm design for Trafalgar Square, the new highway link through the Dutch city of Leiden, the strategic plan for railway stations for North Holland, the use of space syntax in densification strategies in the Norwegian city of Bergen, the master plan of Jeddah, the redesign of Woolwich Squares in London, the regeneration of the areas around King’s Cross Station in London, the upgrade of the Old Market Square in Nottingham, the evaluation of the location of the Millennium Bridge in London, and the creation of spatial strategies for the Chinese city of Changchun, among others [5]

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