Abstract
BackgroundSelf-efficacy is one of the factors involved in successful self-care of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate general self-efficacy and diabetes management self-efficacy and to determine their association with glycemic control in diabetic individuals, referred to the diabetes clinic of Aq Qala city, North of Iran.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 251 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled using census method. Data collection tools consisted of Sherer General Self-Efficacy Scale (SGSES) and Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) with minor demographic adjustments and hemoglobin A1C test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical techniques include independent t-test, Spearman correlation coefficient and linear regression were applied for further data analysis.ResultsThe mean and standard deviation age of subjects was 56.17 ± 10.45 years. The mean level of HbA1C of studied subject was 8.35 ± 2.02%. There was a negative correlation between age and general self-efficacy and diabetes self-efficacy while, there was a positive correlation between general self-efficacy and diabetes self-efficacy (P < 0.001). Results of the regression analysis showed that duration of the disease was the only variable which had a significant effect on the level of hemoglobin A1C (P < 0.001), so that for each year of having the disease, the level of hemoglobin A1C increased by 0.084% (CI 95% = 0.048–0.121).ConclusionsGeneral self-efficacy and diabetes self-efficacy does not affect glycemic control in diabetic individuals. The duration of the disease is the only affecting variable on glycemic control by its worsening in diabetic individuals. Interventions are recommended to help glycemic control in individuals who are having this disease for longer periods. Moreover, further studies on the affecting factors on poor glycemic control of diabetic patients as well as the role of time variable, are recommended.
Highlights
Self-efficacy is one of the factors involved in successful self-care of diabetic patients
This study aimed to determine the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) and Diabetes management self-efficacy (DMSE) and they relationship with glycemic control in diabetic patients, referred to the diabetes clinic of Aq Qala, Iran
Mann-Whitney test results showed that the mean and standard deviation of GSE and DMSE in the group with good HbA1C level was more than the group with poor HbA1C control level, these differences were not statistically significant (Table 2)
Summary
Self-efficacy is one of the factors involved in successful self-care of diabetic patients. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose is increasing in Iran. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that can affect all aspects of life. Much of the care plan for this disease is interwoven with the daily life behaviors, diabetic individuals are the most responsible for control and management of the disease [3]. Self-efficacy is one of the contributing factors which can have a major role in the success of diabetic control and self-care. The researchers believe that self-efficacy is an appropriate framework to understand and predict the behavior and commitments of patients to self-care in the treatment of diabetes [4, 5]
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