Abstract
The article presents selected concepts, models and theories of safety known from research and applications in various areas of technology and suitable for use in the field of transport. In particular, attention was paid to cognitively promising in the field of transport safety, and relatively little used research concepts here: Normal Accident Theory (NAT) Ch.Perrow, "Swiss cheese model" /SCh-M/ by J. Reason, concepts of "safe space of action" by J. Rasmussen and R. Amalberti, the concept of High Reliability Organizations /HRO/, or even interpretations of the transport system as a complex system (CS). The main aim of the article was to present some important general safety concepts and show that they can be used to model safety in the field of transport. The article shows that the so-called Geysen's thesis allows for the development of justified safety analogies between transport systems and such systems of technology that have greater scientific and engineering achievements in the field of safety.
Highlights
Safety is a multiaspective category, but it is always accompanied by the concepts of loss and risk
A systems approach to management in general, and to transport safety management, depends among other things on the quantity and quality of information, as this determines the level of wrong decisions, which in turn influences the size of risks [3]
For a large road transportation system to meet the "strong linkages" criterion, it would need to have the following characteristics [35]: - most work processes are time-dependent, i.e., the functioning of the system cannot be stopped while waiting for corrective interactions to occur; - specific and unchanging sequences prevail, such that event A always leads to event B; - the system is inflexible, i.e., it is planned in such a way that there is only one way to achieve the final goal; - the system has a small room for manoeuvre, i.e. the quantities processed must be in planned quantities, the system's resources cannot be replaced by others, quick changes to the system's tools are not possible
Summary
Safety is a multiaspective category, but it is always accompanied by the concepts of loss and risk. Only losses of life and health of the human factor in the process of task realization should be included in the definition of facility safety. The safety of a HF-T-E system is its ability to accomplish its purpose (task) without loss of human life or health [2] This definition is limited to cases where the system is operated in accordance with regulations. Safety is an emergent feature of a system, understood as its ability to: a) maintain important system properties, such as integrity, stability, self-stability, competitiveness; b) provide important system behaviors, such as adaptation, homeostasis, growth, learning, equifinality, intentionality Another group of terms associated with the concept of safety are the events that make up the accident chain. Disturbance (disruption): an unwanted, unexpected and time-limited event (interrupted operation) within a specific technical system
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