Abstract
A versatile, compact and low-cost analytical platform has been designed, tested and validated to be used in the point-of-care settings. This passive measurement system is powered and complemented by a standard smartphone including a programmed application for measurement configuration and data processing as well as wireless results sharing. Electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence analytical techniques can be configured and realized by this platform that employs standard screen-printed electrodes for the sample managing and off-the-shelf electronic components. The power, electrical and optical signal processing have been studied in depth. The system can harvest energy up to 22.5 mW, set up a voltage in the range of ±1.15 V, and measure potentials in a range of 600 mV with an uncertainty of 1 mV, and current from 2 μA to 0.75 mA with a resolution of 1.1 μA. Moreover, standard tests have been performed to the platform consisting of amperometric, potentiometric, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemiluminescent analytical techniques, showing excellent agreement with a reference instrument. Finally, our design has also been applied to glucose, pH and H2O2 determinations, providing the full analytical parameters which are in very good agreement with the reference instrument results. Ranges (0.065–0.75 M, 0.62–100 mM and 3–9 pH units for glucose, H2O2 and pH, respectively) and limits of detection (0.024 M and 0.03 mM for glucose and H2O2, respectively) make this low-cost platform (<US$8) suitable for analytical applications.
Highlights
Electrochemical (EC) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) have proved to be quantitative high resolution-analytical techniques presenting high selectivity and sensitivity (Capitán-Vallvey et al, 2018; Hesari and Ding, 2016; L. Li et al, 2017; Y. Li et al, 2017; Paschoalino et al, 2019; Sierra et al, 2019)
System is powered by a standard smartphone where a customdeveloped application sets up the analytical procedure, configures the optical and electrical signal interface, processes the data, and shares the results
We have demonstrated a cost-effective electronic platform which, together with a smartphone, enables the implementation of the most common electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence analytical techniques
Summary
Electrochemical (EC) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) have proved to be quantitative high resolution (bio)-analytical techniques presenting high selectivity and sensitivity (Capitán-Vallvey et al, 2018; Hesari and Ding, 2016; L. Li et al, 2017; Y. Li et al, 2017; Paschoalino et al, 2019; Sierra et al, 2019). Electrochemical (EC) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) have proved to be quantitative high resolution (bio)-analytical techniques presenting high selectivity and sensitivity Keeping the analytical parameters (limit of detection, ranges, resolution and selectivity as the most important features) as close as possible to the laboratory instrumentation, the design of an affordable and easy-to-use platform to realize complete EC and ECL analyses is still a notable research challenge as reported in some pioneering designs (Lillehoj et al, 2013; Nemiroski et al, 2014)
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