General Principles of Law Recognized by Civilized Nations (1922-2018)

Abstract

Foreword Preface Acknowledgments List of Figures and Tables Abbreviations Explanation of the Latin Terms Author's Explanation of the Terms Used Cases by Court Treaties and International Materials Introduction Part 1: General Principles in Theory 1 Origins of the General Principles 1.1 History of Article 38 of the PCIJ Statute 1.2 The Advisory Committee of Jurists' Debate on Draft Article 35(3) 1.3 The Novelty of Post-1920 General Principles 2 International Judicial Law-Making and the General Principles 2.1 International Law-Making and the Court 2.2 Processes of International Judicial Law-Making: Elevation, Transplantation and Judicial Creation 2.3 General Principles Ascertained for the International Community and Article 59 of the Court's Statute 2.4 States and the Court's Ascertainment of General Principles 2.5 General Principles and the Court: A Symbiotic Relationship 3 What Are General Principles? Theory and Conclusions 3.1 Theory 3.2 Conclusions on General Principles 3.2.1 Conclusion 1: General Principles are 'Principles' and 'Rules' 3.2.2 Conclusion 2: General Principles Are 'Principles' and 'Rules' of International Law 3.2.3 Conclusion 3: General Principles Apply to the Entire International Community 3.2.4 Conclusion 4: General Principles Are Ascertained with the Court's opinio juris 3.3 What Are General Principles not? 4 Introducing the 'Cube' 4.1 Types of General Principles 4.1.1 Substantive General Principles 4.1.2 Procedural General Principles 4.1.3 Interpretative General Principles 4.1.4 Exceptions 4.2 General Principles' Underpinnings 4.2.1 Domestic Underpinning 4.2.2 International Underpinning 4.2.3 Judicial Underpinning 4.2.4 Mixed Underpinning 4.3 Scholarly Attempts to Categorise General Principles 5 The Relationship between General Principles and Other Sources of International Law 5.1 General Principles as an Independent Source of International Law 5.1.1 General Principles and Treaties 5.1.2 General Principles and Customary International Law 5.1.3 Trend: Customary International Law Instead of General Principles? 5.2 General Principles Supplement other Sources of International Law 5.3 General Principles Retain Their Independence When Embodied in Other Sources of International Law 5.4 Canons of Supersession among the Sources of International Law 5.4.1 General Principles vs. Treaties 5.4.2 General Principles vs. Customary International Law 5.4.3 General Principles vs. General Principles 5.5 'Other Rules' of International Law? 5.6 General Principles and Other Source(-Related) Notions 5.6.1 General Principles vs. jus cogens 182 5.6.2 General Principles vs. ex aequo et bono 5.6.3 General Principles vs. Equity Part 2: General Principles in Practice 6 Research Methodology and Statistics 6.1 Researching General Principles 6.1.1 Scholars' Methodology? 6.1.2 The Court's Methodology 6.1.3 Methodology of the Present Study 6.2 Statistics 6.2.1 General Principles' Recurrence 6.2.2 Court Categories 6.2.3 Type 6.2.4 Underpinning 6.2.5 Type vs. Underpinning 7 General Principles Ascertained by the Permanent Court of International Justice (1922-1940) 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Overview of the PCIJ's Reliance on General Principles 7.3 Selected Substantive General Principles 7.3.1 General Principles That Regulate State Conduct 7.3.2 General Principles That Regulate Non-State Actors 7.4 Selected Procedural General Principles 7.4.1 General Principles Related to the Court's Jurisdiction 7.4.2 General Principles Related to the Parties' Standing 7.4.3 Other Procedural General Principles 7.5 Selected Interpretative General Principles 7.5.1 General Principles Specific to Treaty Interpretation 7.5.2 General Principles Not Specific to Treaty Interpretation 7.5.3 Other Interpretative General Principles 7.6 'Other Rules' 7.7 Concluding Observations 8 General Principles Ascertained by the International Court of Justice (1948-2018) 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Overview of the ICJ's Reliance on General Principles 8.3 Selected Substantive General Principles 8.3.1 General Principles Related to the Law of Treaties 8.3.2 General Principles Related to State Succession 8.4 Selected Procedural General Principles 8.4.1 General Principles Related to the Court's Jurisdiction 8.4.2 General principles Related to Evidentiary Proceedings 8.5 Selected Interpretative General Principles 8.5.1 General Principles Specific to Treaty Interpretation 8.5.2 General Principles Not Specific to Treaty Interpretation 8.5.3 General Principles of Good Faith and pacta sunt servanda 317 8.6 'Other Rules' 8.7 Concluding Observations 9 Case Study: The Evolution of the General Principle of Diplomatic Protection through the Court's Jurisprudence (1924-2012) 9.1 Introduction 32 9.2 Evolution of the Elements of Diplomatic Protection 9.2.1 Initial Formulation 9.2.2 General Principle of the Bond of Nationality 9.2.3 General Principle of the Exhaustion of Domestic Remedies 9.2.4 Diplomatic Protection and Companies 9.2.5 Diplomatic Protection and Questions of Reparation 9.2.6 Diplomatic Protection and International Organisations (i.e., Functional Protection) 9.3 Concluding Observations Conclusion Part 3: Digest of General Principles Ascertained by the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice (1922-2018) Digest of General Principles Ascertained by the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice (1922-2018) 1.1 List of General Principles 1.2 Digest of General Principles Ascertained by the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice (1922-2018) I Substantive General Principles II Procedural General Principles III Interpretative General Principles Appendices Appendix 1: Conclusions on the General Principles Appendix 2: Dataset Bibliography Indices