General logic-operation-based lightweight group-key distribution schemes for Internet of Vehicles

Abstract

It is predicted that the trend of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) applications will keep on growing due to its flexibility in infrastructure. The security of IoV can protect the peer-to-peer (P2P) data transmitted over Internet. Since most Internet devices are components with low battery power, low communication and computational power, the key distribution scheme for IoV needs to be lightweight. Most conventional communications in Internet of Vehicles are one-to-one types of communications which involve only two communication entities. Proposals for key distribution schemes are mostly developed to establish a pairwise key for a pair of users. For example, Diffie-Hellman public-key distribution scheme proposed in 1976 and the quantum key distribution scheme (QKD) invented in 1984 (also called the BB84 scheme), can only enable two users to share a secret key used in conventional one-to-one communications. Modern communications have been evolved into many-to-many types of communications which involve more than two users. Group-key distributions enable multiple users to share a group key. Recently, a lightweight group-key distribution scheme has been proposed which needs only logic operations. But this scheme can only provide confidentiality of the group key. In this paper, we extend that scheme to propose the first lightweight authenticated group-key distribution scheme which needs only logic operations. Our proposed schemes can be built on top of any type of authenticated pairwise-key distribution schemes. We first propose a basic three-party authenticated group-key distribution scheme. Then, general three multiple-party authenticated group-key distribution schemes based on the basic scheme are proposed. Since our proposed schemes need only logic operations, they are all lightweight and are suitable for P2P IoV communication applications.