Abstract
This introductory chapter on sample preparation and analysis will give a brief overview of the different types and origins of ancient DNA (aDNA) and the different states of preservation. Independent of the handling of the source material, work on aDNA follows some basic principles of sample treatment, DNA preparation, and DNA analysis which are presented on the assumption that the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique will be applied. This is especially true for the discussion of sources and effects of inhibitory and contaminating substances. However, one should be aware that some of the basic difficulties associated with ancient materials may also occur when applying other analytical techniques such as hybridization.
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