Abstract
In this review paper, we have assembled the main characteristics of partial oxidation reactions (oxidative dehydrogenation and selective oxidation to olefins or oxygenates, as aldehydes and carboxylic acids and nitriles), as well as total oxidation, particularly for depollution, environmental issues and wastewater treatments. Both gas–solid and liquid–solid media have been considered with recent and representative examples within these fields. We have also discussed about their potential and prospective industrial applications. Particular attention has been brought to new raw materials stemming from biomass, as well as to liquid–solid catalysts cases. This review paper also summarizes the progresses made in the use of unconventional activation methods for performing oxidation reactions, highlighting the synergy of these technologies with heterogeneous catalysis. Focus has been centered on both usual catalysts activation methods and less usual ones, such as the use of ultrasounds, microwaves, grinding (mechanochemistry) and photo-activated processes, as well as their combined use.
Highlights
Oxidation reactions cover a large part of the heterogeneous catalysis field and play a key role in a wide range of industrial reactions and processes, mainly in petrochemistry
Nanoparticles with sizes of a few nanometers present high catalytic efficiencies due to higher surfaces available to reactants. They are often supported on metal oxides or on active carbons, which may lead to a determining role in the synergistic activation of substrates, in the electron conductivity changes, in the enhancement of redox reactions, in improving thermal conductivity, useful for exothermal reactions in industrial processes to avoid overheating of the catalysts during the reaction
The catalysts covered in this review are mainly nanostructured single and mixed metal oxides or the corresponding supported counterparts, as well as noble metals such as silver for epoxidation reactions, Pt for total oxidation reactions or gold and its alloys for liquid phase aerobic selective oxidation reactions
Summary
Oxidation reactions cover a large part of the heterogeneous catalysis field and play a key role in a wide range of industrial reactions and processes, mainly in petrochemistry Both selective and total oxidation reactions of organic compounds are concerned, such as those leading to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, nitriles, or for depollution purposes (pollutants degradation/removal), respectively. The second main section deals with total oxidation reactions in gas phase and liquid phase At this point (Section 3.1), gas phase–solid catalyst total oxidation for depollution treatment is presented with a large part devoted to the case of atmospheric pollutants, such as industrial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and/or highly diluted. Readers are encouraged to refer to the cited review articles for additional in depth information
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