Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the general and oral health status of a group of preterm one-year-old very low (VLBW) and extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants and make a comparison with full-term one-year-old normal birthweight infants (NBW). A cross-sectional study was conducted in 102 one-year-old preterm VLBW and ELBW infants, and the data obtained were compared to 87 one-year-old full-term NBW infants. The infants' medical histories were obtained from hospital records and interviews with the mothers. The oral cavities of all infants were examined under the same conditions. The chi-square test, Pearson's chi-square test of independence and Mann-Whitney test were used for the statistical evaluation, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates for variables significantly associated with oral findings were calculated. Both perinatal variables (gestational age, mode of delivery, birthweight, Apgar score, resuscitation, orotracheal intubation and presence of intraoral pathology) and neonatal variables (antibiotic treatment and infections) had a significant association with prematurity, VLBW and ELBW. The one-year-old preterm VLBW and ELBW infants frequently suffered from general diseases, frequently received regular medication and had fewer erupted primary teeth; they also had a higher prevalence of developmental defects of the enamel and deformations of the hard palate. This study confirmed anamnestic, medical and oral differences between one-year-old preterm VLBW and ELBW and full-term NBW infants.
Highlights
Preterm birth and low birthweight are the main factors of early morbidity and mortality in neonates and late morbidity in infants across the world
Low birthweight neonates are subdivided into very low birthweight infants (VLBW), with birthweight < 1500 g, and extremely low birthweight infants (ELBW), with birthweight < 1000 g
Preterm birth is frequently associated with LBW, VLBW or ELBW
Summary
Preterm birth and low birthweight are the main factors of early morbidity and mortality in neonates and late morbidity in infants across the world. Preterm birth is frequently associated with LBW, VLBW or ELBW Premature infants, especially those with VLBW and ELBW, have a shorter prenatal period and are predisposed to various perinatal and neonatal complications and developmental problems that can affect their general growth and progress during infancy and throughout childhood. Premature VLBW and ELBW infants are prone to suffer from many serious conditions, such as breathing problems, patent ductus arteriosus, anemia, immunodeficiency, hypocalcemia, osteopenia, visual and hearing disorders and other alterations that affect development and growth[3]. These complications may be associated with poor feeding, lack of optimal nutrition, and vitamin and mineral deficiencies[4]. Preterm VLBW and ELBW infants are at increased risk of delayed tooth eruption, DDE in permanent dentition, tooth discoloration and tooth crown dimension changes[8,9,10,11,12]
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