General and abdominal obesity and dietary nutrient intake among university students in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study targeting potential risk factors

Abstract

The overall national increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity has emerged among university students in Bangladesh. Though, poor dietary habits and lifestyle is quite common among university students, their dietary nutrient intake level, obesity prevalence and potential risk factors has hitherto given little priority. This study aimed to understand the prevalence and factors associated with general and abdominal obesity and level of dietary nutrient intake among university students in Bangladesh. Data from 320 unselected tertiary level students (81.6% males, 18.4% females; average age 22.7±3.0, BMI 22.4±3.1 and waist-hip ratio (WHR) 0.88±0.1) was collected randomly, in a single visit, from Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh. Basic demographic and anthropometric information were collected. Twenty-four hour (24H) dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect dietary nutrient level retrospectively. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and binomial logistic regression analysis were done. Around 3% and 42% student were reported to be obese and overweight respectively. Whereas abdominal obesity was prevalent among ∼52% and more than 67% of student were reportedly obese/overweight by either BMI or WHR or WHtR category. Energy and carbohydrate (CHO) intake were reported to be significantly higher (P<0.05) among overweight who born by C-section delivery and were fed formula milk than those were normal weight and born by vaginal-birth and were breastfed. The overweight individual with a history of preterm birth was reported to intake significantly higher (P<0.05) carbohydrates compared to normal-weight individuals with a history of term birth. While total fat intake was significantly higher (P<0.05) among overweight individuals with their mother had gestational diabetes than those with normal weight individuals with mother without gestational diabetes. General and abdominal obesity is common among university students and possibly associated with mode of birth, gestational duration, gestational diabetes, and breastfeeding practice.