Gene therapeutic approach to primary and metastatic brain tumors: I. CD44 variant pre-RNA alternative splicing as a CEPT control element

Abstract

Our laboratory and others have shown alternative splicing of up to ten exons at a discrete extracellular site to be primarily responsible for the generation of CD44 variant (CD44v) isoforms. Based on clear differences in the expression of these CD44v isoforms between normal and malignant tissues, we believe that elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CD44 alternative splicing may provide a new gene therapeutic targeting approach based on CD44 pre-mRNA processing in vivo. This strategy incorporates utilization of CD44 alternative splicing control elements into a chimeric enzyme/prodrug therapy (CEPT), a novel modification of the virus-directed enzyme/prodrug therapy (VDEPT) approach for the treatment of brain metastases from tumors of systemic origin. As initial steps towards the development of a gene therapeutic approach based on targeting tumor cell expression of specific CD44v alternatively spliced isoforms, we have: (1) developed a novel in vivo assay system that allows the rapid analyses of potentially therapeutic CD44 alternative splicing minigene constructs; and (2) cloned the E. coli cytosine deaminase (CD) gene and fused its enzymatically active domain to alternatively spliced CD44 exons (CD44/CD). Deamination of cytosine by this CD44/CD chimeric fusion protein is demonstrated in E. coli cell lysates to be equal to that of wild type cytosine deaminase.