Abstract
The Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC) is a more aggressive tumor with 5 years median survival rates after metastasis. Despite successful treatment, unfortunately, the majority of affected patients die. Defects in cell cycle and transcription regulation phases which are governed by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are the hallmark of many cancers that underpinning the progression of the disease. Therefore, the current study looked at the alteration of six CDKs mRNA expression levels in pre- and postmenopausal lung metastasis BC groups; the majority were HER2+. Two hundred pre-and postmenopausal lung metastasis breast cancer and healthy control blood samples were taken for RNA isolation. Quantitative PCR was done for CDKs mRNA expressions. We observed overexpression of CDK11, CDK12, CDK17, CDK18, and CDK19 in both pre- and postmenopausal groups. However, CDK20 showed progressive downregulation from early to advanced stages in both groups of patients. Collectively, this data revealed that CDKs overexpression levels may predict BC disease progression and provide further rationale for novel anticancer strategies for HER2+ BC cancers.
Highlights
Breast cancer (BC) in women is a severe health burden worldwide and responsible for about 375,000 deaths in the year 2000
Patients were divided into two groups based on their menopausal status as pre-menopausal and postmenopausal associated with lung metastasis
Our current study has revealed six cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) gene signatures in BC among pre and postmenopausal women at early (II) and advanced stages (III & in advanced stages (IV)) with lung metastasis
Summary
Breast cancer (BC) in women is a severe health burden worldwide and responsible for about 375,000 deaths in the year 2000. It is a major cause of cancer in both high- and low-income countries [1]. Many studies have shown poor prognosis at a young age Cancer in this age group is more aggressive [2,3,4]. The age-standardized incidence rate of BC is highest in Pakistan among Asian countries [9]. The BC lung metastatic relapse has become a serious clinical problem due to a lack of treatment, shorter survival time, and a high mortality rate [10,11,12,13]. At advanced stages, patients might fail to respond to targeted therapies
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