Abstract
Soybean seed production with high physiological quality is important for ensuring populations of recommended plants for each cultivar. It is also known that there is genetic variability for this characteristic among the soybean cultivars. The objective was to study the genes expressionof protein and gene transcript involved in the physiological quality of soybean seeds. The seeds of CD 206 and CD 201 cultivars were classified as high quality while Savana and Emgopa 316 cultivars were classified as low quality by germination and vigor tests. Physiological, enzymatic and transcripts analysis were held in seeds of each cultivar during two harvest seasons, R8 and R8 + 15 days; at protein level the alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzyme systems (ADH), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and isocitrate lyase (ICL). The PCR technique in real time (qRT-PCR) was used for transcritome studies for quantitative gene expression analysis. The method used was the comparative Ct considering the relative expression levels in relation to cultivar of high quality CD 201. It is concluded that there is higher enzymes expression involved in respiration, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), in seeds with high physiological quality, especially when harvesting is delayed. The proteomic and transcriptomic profiles related to the genes involved in free radicals removing systems in soybeans varies among cultivars and the season of seed harvest.
Highlights
In Brazil, the improvement of seed and grain characteristics of agronomic and industrial use soybean cultivars is gaining importance in recent years
The results observed in germination, electrical conductivity and accelerated aging experiments presented cultivars with difference when seeds harvested 15 days after R8 stage (Table 2)
From electrical conductivity (EC) tests, differences in vigor of cultivars was observed when harvested at R8 stage
Summary
In Brazil, the improvement of seed and grain characteristics of agronomic and industrial use soybean cultivars is gaining importance in recent years. It has been observed genetic diversity for physiological quality among soybean cultivars which could be helpful to investigate lines with better seed physiological traits for Brazilian weather conditions. After physiological maturity of seeds, the high temperature and relative humidity can accelerate the deterioration process, which can cause reduction in physiological quality of seeds (França-Neto et al, 2010). In breeding programs, technologies has been increasingly sought to enhance the selection of soybean cultivars with high seed quality. Harvest delay causes seed deterioration with significant effects on seeds quality
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